Vehicle fault ukupheliswa indlela (1). Indlela umbuzo ekujoliswe ngokusondeleyo Khetha uphawu egxile iinkqubo ezinxulumene engxakini ukuba isimo amadlala kunye umbuzo ngokusondeleyo isekelwe iimviwo. Khetha uphawu egxile iinkqubo ezinxulumene engxakini ukuba isimo amadlala kunye umbuzo ngokusondeleyo isekelwe iimviwo. (2). Screening indlela (Ukuthintelwa indlela) Ukuyeka zobuxoki awuthintele oyinyaniso uze ususe nesenzeko zangaphandle ngokuthi abuze umsebenzisi lwezithuthi uyisebenzisa uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ityala nobunyani; ngethuba lenkqubo yovavanyo baleka, uhlahlelo kunye yomgwebo, iinkqubo (components) esebenza ngesiqhelo zingangqinwa aninabala enye kwenye de indibano (components) iziphene ebangela zisingathwa. Xa amabandla (components) ebangela amaphutha ikhethiwe, ngoko nceda ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela ibandla (components) kwaye ahlole nge run uvavanyo. Ukuba isimo fault eceleni, umsebenzi nandzu ukuphelisa ugqityiwe. Ukuba isimo fault azizaliswanga nya, ngoko nceda uqhubeke ukwenza zokuhlola. (3). Umgaqo indlela umgwebo uMgwebi ingaba ekujoliswe ekhethiweyo isebenza ngesiqhelo ngokungqinelana nenkqubo okanye ibandla (components) yokusebenza siseko. (4). Running-up test ndlela Nceda amava kwaye uzive ubunyaniso nesenzeko amadlala, ubungakanani kunye noluhlu iingxaki ngokusebenzisa nokubaleka-up uvavanyo ukumisela okujoliswe kuko yokunqanda iimpazamo isithuthi. B. Vehicle fault ukuphelisa amanyathelo Inyathelo 1: Inkcazo isithuthi isimo tyala Phantsi kwemeko jikelele, xa izithuthi kunye iziphene ziyalungiswa, servicemen uya buza umqhubi ulwazi ngeziganeko isithuthi amadlala, iimpawu, iimpawu phambi isiphoso kubonakala kunye nexesha amadlala uze wenze qualitative lokuqala isahlulelo. Inyathelo 2: kwiVerification uvavanyo isimo isithuthi tyala (1). amanyathelo ngokubanzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ngaphambi kokuba isithuthi luqinisekisiwe kwaye yavavanyelwa, servicemen uya ukuphumeza uhlolo olubonakalayo kwimbonakalo lwezithuthi inxalenye ibitheni ehlabathini isithuthi. Xa uhlolo olubonakalayo iyaphunyezwa, nceda uqinisekise: qwalasela ngononophelo kwaye ahlole izandla phambi disassembly uze uphando ngokuqhubekayo. Kwangaxeshanye, nceda hlola isithuthi ngokulandela umgaqo ukusuka lula ukuya kunzima, ukusuka kufuphi ukuya kude ethabathela nangaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi. Nceda ukwenza uvavanyo run kwaye uqinisekise "ngezimanga amadlala" kunye neenkqubo kokuzifaka "isimo fault". Ngokusekelwe isiqinisekiso, nceda ukwenza uthelekiso experiment ngenxa iindawo ezingundoqo. Inyathelo 3: Vehicle Uhlalutyo nandzu Uhlalutyo lungohlulwa lube: nceda hlalutya inkqubo (indibano efanelekileyo kunye necandelo) apho kunokubangela "nesenzeko 'amadlala" kunye iindawo eziphambili (ibandla) apho kunokubangela "isimo fault". Uhlalutyo luza kwenziwa ngokwe kwinkqubo isithuthi xa isakhiwo kunye yokusebenza siseko. Nceda ukuhlalutya ngokuphindelela ukufumana izinto. Inkqubo Uhlalutyo yinkqubo enzima kangangokuba kufuneka inkxaso kwethiyori, umgaqo kunye namava kwaye sidinga ukucinga ngocoselelo kunye nengqondo. Kwangaxeshanye, iimvavanyo zovavanyo rhoqo ezifunekayo. Ngenxa yoko, uyakwazi ethembekileyo isigwebo sigqibo kufunyanwa. Inyathelo 4: Vehicle nandzu umgwebo Isithuthi nandzu isigwebo kwenziwa ezicingisisiweyo ezisekelwe ekuhleleni nasephicotheni kunye namava yesondlo. Isiphumo hlengahlengiso inokuba ezichanekileyo okanye kusenokungabikho ilungile, oko kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Isizathu sesokuba siphoso alula unique okanye ibe ezininzi and comprehensive. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye experiment uthelekiso iyafuneka inyathelo ngenyathelo de ingxaki iyatyhilwa ngokupheleleyo. Inyathelo 5: Vehicle nandzu ukupheliswa nandzu Vehicle ukuphelisa kunye bezihlabo ezimsongelayo, akukho yinkqubo yabasebenzi elukhuni. Imixholo eziphambili zezi disassembly ezilula kunye nebandla. Le disassembly uya kulandela lo mgaqo ukusuka lula olunzima ethabathela nangaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi ukuphumeza disassembly buso ukuphepha disassembly kunye indawo enkulu. Iimfuneko disassembly iya kuqatshelwa xa disassembly kunye nebandla. Inyathelo 6: kwiVerification uvavanyo emva kokuba isithuthi nandzu ukupheliswa Isithuthi kulungiswa uya zingqinisiswe. Umgangatho bokuqinisekisa kunye vavanyo ukuphelisa isithuthi isimo amadlala kunye neempawu. Ukuba isimo amadlala kunye neempawu azinikezelwanga nya, nceda phinda amanyathelo ngentla de ityala isithuthi iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo.

A. Icala isizathu kunokwenzeka kunye nonyango nandzu (gas): (1). segesi akukho igesi okanye ngesandla esingajikiyo kuqhume igesi ukuvula. Ulungiso unyango: yongeza igesi okanye vula isivalo esandleni segesi. (2). High xi solenoid vana akukho umbane okanye yonakele. Ulungiso unyango: vula isitshixo ucinezelo kwandule ivelufa solenoid kuye ikhalisa "NG" isandi. Ikliphu kwisidibanisi koxinzelelo oluphezulu solenoid vana iya eziplagwe ngqongqo kakhulu. Ukuba ivelufa solenoid yonakele, nceda indawo yawo. (3). uxinzelelo Low solenoid vana kwi FMV ayikwazi ukuvula okanye ukuvula ngokupheleleyo. Ulungiso unyango: ahlole kunye incwadi computer. Emva iqhosha ucinezelo ivuliwe, ixabiso xi igesi ungaphantsi kwe 110PSIA. Nceda buyisela ivalve solenoid okanye kuhlola valve iplagi. (4). koxinzelelo Gas esezantsi. Ulungiso unyango: ahlole ukuba wegesi ivuze igesi. B. Icala isizathu kunokwenzeka kunye nonyango nandzu (ucinezelo yesekethe): (1). baphinde ezimbini umnqongo wolawulo injini zonakele, ke ngoko, nceda ahlole ukuba imigca emithathu ubonelelo umbane. Ulungiso unyango: vula isitshixo ucinezelo kwaye ahlole ukuba relay kunye fuse babe 24V ombane kunye multimeter njengako imifanekiso yombane. (2). imodyuli ucinezelo yonakele. Ulungiso unyango: ukubona ukuba misfires inanition coil. Nceda hlola ikhowudi amadlala, yintlantsi plug eliphezulu-nengxabano intambo. (3). Isantya rotary Qala-up lusezantsi kakhulu (kwisantya rotary liphantsi start-up 100r / min) unyango Icala: ahlole ukuba ingaba ombane Ibhetri ukufikelela 24V. (4). Kulomqongo womlinganiselo wolawulo injini (ECM) yonakele. Ulungiso unyango: endaweni-ECM. C. Icala isizathu kunokwenzeka kunye nonyango nandzu (circuit igesi umoya kunye nabanye): (1). inani Air ayikho unyango olwaneleyo Icala: ahlole ukuba filter umoya kunye nenkqubo air eyanele uthintelwe kwaye ukuvuza. (2). Oxygen ikliphu isivamvo isinxibelelanisi ihlanganiswa Ukujikeleza mfutshane kubangelwa. Ulungiso unyango: endaweni isivamvo oksijini. (3). umcephe wokunyusa ivelufa Electronic yonakele. Ulungiso unyango: sebenzisa software ukuvavanya electronic umcephe vana. Ukuba umcephe ivalve ngekhompyutha yonakele, nceda indawo yawo. (4). valve zokungenisa zeemoto vana kuyalungiswa yanikelwa. Ulungiso unyango: ukuhlola ukucoca vana njengako yemiyalezo ye diesel. (5). Ezinye iisekethe kwisithuthi ogqityiweyo kufuneka iingxaki, ezifana nokucima gear cala kwaye njl unyango Icala: ukuhlola iisekethe kwesithuthi ogqityiweyo. (6). Velocity sensor nandzu. Ulungiso unyango: sebenzisa software ukuba sibone kwaye ke kukho ikhowudi nandzu. Hlola kugqitywe phakathi disc iintsika kunye sensor. (7). Indebe gear isiginali wenkunkuma ajike nenguqulo engile ucinezelo kusengaphambili kakhulu. Ngalo mzuzu, uphawu njini ngaso. Ulungiso unyango: ukunyenyisa isikhundla indebe izixhobo ukwenza TDC isikali uphawu kuqiniswe endawni engundoqo inclining ukuba injini woluvo isantya. Nceda hlola ngobunono nokuba umvelisi Oluphawu ngaso. Ukuba ewe, nceda endaweni umqondiso generator ibandla.

A. Phambi yesondlo isiphoso olwenziwa, kusilungele, ukuba ahlole aze avavanye ukunqanda izenzo eziphosakeleyo yesondlo. B. Hlola ukuba emoyeni ivili lokuqhuba Kwanele, ukuba omabini la macala ngokulinganayo nokuba namavili zonakele. C. Hlola ioli mass kwitanki oyile kwanele nokuba engaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile oyile. D. Hlola ukuba oil filter acocekile kwaye ezigudileyo E. Hlola ezinjengembande bhetyebhetye ijijekileyo, nokuba kinking kufanelekile yaye ivaliwe. F. Hlola ukuba njengezithole pump oyile ibhanti esungulayo igunya oluncediswa. G. Hlola ukuba unxulumano zilandelayo ngokucacileyo yonakele okanye ayilungiswanga. (1). Khangela kunye joint jikelele; (2). Steering ingalo, zoba ibha, zoba ibha ngokudibeneyo joint jikelele; (3). Bezikhulule imeko lonxibelelwano ngasinye steering.

Xa umsebenzisi entsha isebenzisa nje ngephepha le-truck kunye gearbox Fast, umsebenzisi ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ukuba akukho lula ukuba isithuthi ukuba kubuywa xa iqala. Isizathu kukuba umsebenzisi ukufunda manual umyalelo okanye na uqeqesho ukuze umsebenzisi akaqondi iimpawu yokusebenza ye gearbox Fast. Njengoko sisazi ibhokisi engundoqo Fast gearbox ubudala akukho synchronizer ukuze ukuqala shift uya kuba clutch kunye aziqhekeza ukuze yenze umsebenzi. Xa isithuthi kuqala, ukuba kuphela enyovwayo clutch ithe chatha kodwa ivelufa switsha kwe clutch kwaye wagaleleka ayifakwanga kuvuliwe, uze wagaleleka akakwazi ukusebenza. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukuba kubuywa. Abanye abasebenzisi bazi iimfuneko kokuqalisa ukusebenza, kodwa noko zibonisa ukuba kunzima ukubeka kubuywa. Ngokubanzi, umqhubi bufutshane kakhulu nomlenze mfutshane kakhulu, ngaphezu koko, nesihlalo iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke, umlenze akufiki indawo yokusebenza wagaleleka xa iqala. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphakama isihlalo buza kuhlengahlengiswa ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ukuba clutch kwenza ngokwenene wagaleleka iswitshi vana vula kodwa kusenzima ukuba kubuywa xa iqala. Kwaye kubonakala ukuba clutch ongakhululwanga ngokupheleleyo, yaye ngoko oku kubonisa ukuba inkqubo brake clutch na nandzu. Ngoku nceda lokuhlola elekhtrons yesekethe igesi okokuqala, wabeka ivelufa brake phezu esezantsi ekhohlo lwebhokisi nezixhobo, azikhulule uhlobo igesi isilinganisi cylinder waqhekeza uze anganyathela enyovwayo clutch ukuba uvule wagaleleka ivalve clutch. Nceda uqaphele ukuba uhlobo irhasi exhausts efanelekileyo gas ngaphandle. Ukuba akukho egudileyo amanyathelo okuzama, ngoko oku kubonisa ukuba kukho isiphoso ngenxa yotshintsho ivalve ye brake. Nceda ibattery okanye indawo ngayo. Ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba benze, kwaye ngoko oku kubonisa ukuba akukho ngxaki kwi ivelufa iswitshi kwaye mhlawumbi kona phezu lombhobho wayaphula. Unyango ukuba ibattery isilinda brake clutch. Nceda uqaphele ukuba lombhobho brake piston itywina ring umntu enxibe okanye ivuze igesi, nokuba piston Ungasa kakuhle kwaye ska. Ukuba iyanetha igesi, uze endaweni yophawu. Okokugqibela, nceda ahlole ukuba piston brake arc phiko inxitywa kakhulu. Ukuba igugile kakhulu, nceda indawo piston cylinder wayaphula. Okona kubalulekileyo, abaninzi iilori enzima-imisebenzi hhayi ifakwe "isixhobo elekhtrons clutch" kuba mzuzu. Xa isithuthi ubeka kubuywa xa bekuqalwa, lo enyovwayo clutch iya kuthi chatha kuba ngomhla uze uyibeke kubuywa kamva, nto leyo efanayo kunye nezinye iintlobo. Ukuba kunzima ukuba songeze isantya xa isithuthi yokumkisa ngesiqhelo, ngoko nceda ahlole ukuba isizathu ukusebenza ekude kwinqanaba shift. Fast nawo yamkela indlela shift ekwanti iilori enzima-umsebenzi. Ukuba inqanaba shift hlengiswe engafanelekile okanye jointing kunye bushing ukuba iqine kakhulu okanye kunxitywe ngokugqithiseleyo, ukungawi shift gear iza kwandiswa ukuze kube nzima ukuba songeze isantya. Ngokukodwa, ezinye amagiya kunzima ukuba bayeke. Le iqhosha lemenyu anokuthi alungi-lungiswe ngokulungisa izixhobo shift ngengalo gearbox ukwenza desktop kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ngokuba nawo ne kabini-lever Indlela kabini-shift, xa lever yokulawula lever umkhethi okanye shaft bhetyebhetye na luhlengahlengiswe ngokufanelekileyo, iiseyile emphethweni ayikwazi ukubeka kubuywa Reserve, izixhobo creeper, kunye 7 kunye nezixhobo 8. Ngalo mzuzu, nceda susa lever yokusebenza okanye umngxuma bhetyebhetye ukusuka lever yokusebenza waza wabeka lever umkhethi kwi imeko yokhetho gear of amagiya ungqameko, lungisa ubude lever yokusebenza okanye shaft ikwazi ukufikelela kwisikhundla ukhetho gear komda kunye ukuqhagamshela joystick okanye shaft bhetyebhetye kunye umkhethi lever. Okwangoku, uthotho ngeentlobo gearbox baxhotyiswa yonke synchronizer. Kuyinto elula kakhulu kwezi ntlobo gearbox songeze isantya. Xa gear akukho lula ukuba bayeke, nceda ahlole ukuba ingaba synchronizer yale izixhobo yonakele. Xa nawo onke synchronizer esebenzayo, nceda songeze isantya ngesantya shift gear obengo, nto leyo ukunciphisa lingonakali of synchronizer kwaye yandisa nobomi wenkonzo synchronizer. Xa shift gear lwenziwa phakathi izixhobo ezibekwe ngecala phezulu kunye nezixhobo ephantsi (umz gear yesine neyesihlanu), kwithuba lokuphumla efanelekileyo iya ezifunekayo kokucengwa amagiya eziphezulu nezisezantsi nokunyanzelisa ngesantya. Xa isenzo lwe shift gear inonamathelwano kakhulu, kulula ukuba aqhumisele kunye nomonakalo synchronizer ye gearbox eziziisekondari. Ukuba lever yokusebenza ekude siyahlukana gear shift ngengalo gearbox, kuba kusenzima ukuba bayeke ezinye amagiya kunye indlela ezisebenza ngqo izixhobo shift ingalo, yaye kubonisa ukuba ngaphakathi ye gearbox na nandzu. Ngalo mzuzu, ukulungiswa kunye disassembly efunekayo. Ngokubanzi, isizathu kukuba shift oluthi inshorensi gearbox sele gqitha, beya umkhono upper babini likhubazeke okanye ngokugqithiseleyo kunxitywe okanye uluthi shift okanye lockpin zenqanaba kokususa le yakhululeka.

Oyena nobangela esingundoqo brake Igubu eshushu kukuba brake egumbini ingabuyeli okanye ubuyela kade kakhulu. Waqhekeza yezihlangu kunye waziqhekeza igubu akukho ukucoca, nto leyo inokwenza kube brake igubu eshushu. Nceda hlola uze ulungise kugqitywe kwaye ihlole kutheni kwigumbi akabuyi. Xa egumbini brake akayi kubuya, nceda hlola wesekethe igesi kunye nokuba camshaft brake ixinene. Ekudubuleni ukubuya brake yezihlangu yophukile, igubu brake ishushu kakhulu. Nceda uqaphele ukuba: kugqitywe phakathi Steyr waqhekeza igubu khubekise umphetho luncinane kakhulu, ukuchaneka woveliso lwasekhaya brake igubu iphantsi, engasentla oshushu umoya Umendo engaphandle brake igubu na nzulu, yaye ngoko, ubushushu ukusasaza ulihlwempu kakhulu. Xa isithuthi ubaleka kumgama elide longele, injini zeemoto ukukhutshwa brake uya isantya kunye neyezihlunu (unyawo) waqhekeza iya kusetyenziswa ngaphantsi mhlawumbi ukuphepha ukuba igubu brake ishushu kakhulu.

Wagaleleka azikwazi ukusebenza kwaye isiphumo ulihlwempu, nto leyo ebangelwa inkqubo wesekethe igesi. Wazaphula wezihlangu ukukhuhlana ipleyiti kunye waziqhekeza igubu zineengxaki. Le ndawo touch phakathi ipleyiti waqhekeza idubule waziqhekeza igubu iya kuba ngaphezu kwe-70% yendawo epheleleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, lo ipleyiti zochuku nohlambuluka, eyomileyo kwaye akukho ukungcola kutyetyiswa kwaye ufumile. Ukuze kuqinisekwe kumphezulu kwebala phakathi ipleyiti zochuku waqhekeza yezihlangu kunye waziqhekeza igubu, xa igubu brake iphumile ngeenxa kwaye uphawu yotsalo zochuku ipleyiti yonakele okanye utshintshwe, nceda enze ekujikeni kwamagingxi phezu kwamanzi ipleyiti kunobunye aziqhekeza isigubhu kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Le amava okusebenza ibonisa ukuba isiphumo zombini ubuso ekupheleni kunobunye ipleyiti brake wezihlangu ekubambisaneni ilungile ngaphezu iziko ekubambisaneni kunye iphela unmeshed. Ngoko ke, xa waqhekeza zochuku ipleyiti lenza ekujikeni egudileyo, netoti smooth ekujikeni iya kuba inkulu 0.2mm ngaphezu ubudeki engaphakathi wayaphula igubu. Elona nani liphezulu smooth zaguquka ubungakanani brake igubu iya kuba 2mm phezu ubukhulu ngokubanzi.

Ukuba amandla ibhetri akwanelanga xa ukulumeka umlilo kusasa kwaye kunzima utsale starter, indlela sethutyana: kugalela amanzi ashushu phaya kwibhetri, uphume izixhobo zombane kwaye sizivale iingcango isithuthi (i kwezinto unyawo lokukhanyisa). Emva kwemizuzu 5-10, isithuthi ingaqala. Kamva nceda uqhube isithuthi ukutshintsha ibhetri.

Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza kuvumelekile ye gearbox fast kuba sabakho kwe 120 ℃. Nawo unako ukwenza ubushushu ezithile ngenxa iimpikiswano zochuku ihamba ilungu. Iqondo lobushushu esiqhelo iphezulu malunga 38 ℃ ngaphezu lobushushu kuma kulo. Le ubushushu dissipated ngezindlu gearbox. Ukuba ubushushu ukusasaza ayikho eqhelekileyo, nobushushu eya kuthi yenzeke. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba isithuthi gearbox yi "kushushu kakhulu ukuba angamchukumisi" xa isithuthi ubaleka ehlotyeni ashushu. Kodwa ukuba ingubo ipeyinti gearbox unothanda yaye iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu livela, nceda sinikele ingqalelo ukuba sihlolwe. Kukho izizathu ezininzi nobushushu ye gearbox. zigcwaliswe kakhulu ioli iiseyile okanye kakhulu oyile yindlala kuya kubangela nobushushu. Inxalenye mshini kunxitywe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye ukuzala ke wamatsha iqine kakhulu, nto leyo nayo kunokuphumela nobushushu. Nawo iyachiza ngesantya ephantsi okanye ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo nayo kunokubangela nobushushu. Xa uhlobo le oli izixhobo gearbox ingakumbi inani viscosity engalunganga, kunzima ukwenza amafutha uze gearbox le nobushushu. Umoya mpilo ye gearbox zingabangela nobushushu kwakunye ungenza gearbox ivuze ioli kakhulu kwi igalelo kunye neziphumo ekupheleni. inkqubo exhaust injini evaliwe kakhulu gearbox. Running isantya ngaphantsi kwe 32Km / h ngokubanzi. engile Ukusebenza ye gearbox iya kuba ° ngaphezu kwama-12.