Vehicle kpatara mkpochapu usoro (1). Method nke lekwasịrị ajụjụ anya Họrọ iche site N'ịgbakwasị na usoro metụtara nsogbu kpatara phenomena na ajụjụ anya dabeere na nnyocha. Họrọ iche site N'ịgbakwasị na usoro metụtara nsogbu kpatara phenomena na ajụjụ anya dabeere na nnyocha. (2). Echetakwa usoro (mwepu usoro) Kwụsị ụgha na-ejigide ezi ma wepụ elu elu phenomena site ajụ ụgbọala ọrụ na onye na-agba ọsọ n'elu ule iji gosi kpatara izi ezi; n'oge usoro nke ule ọsọ, analysis na ikpe, na usoro (mmiri) ejikwara ejikari nwere ike enen enweghị kpatara otu otu ruo mgbe nzukọ (mmiri) na-akpata mmejọ na-bịakwutere. Ozugbo mgbakọ (mmiri) na-akpata mmejọ na-ahọrọ, mgbe ahụ, biko ịrụzi ma ọ bụ dochie nzukọ (mmiri) na mgbe ahụ na inyocha site ule ọsọ. Ọ bụrụ na kpatara phenomena na-tutu amama, kpatara mkpochapu ọrụ na-okokụre. Ọ bụrụ na kpatara phenomena na-adịghị tutu amama, mgbe ahụ, biko-anọgide na-ebu echetakwa. (3). Ụkpụrụ ikpe usoro Onyeikpe ma họrọ iche na-arụ ọrụ na-ejikarị dị ka usoro ma ọ bụ nzukọ (mmiri) na-arụ ọrụ kwuru. (4). Na-agba ọsọ na-elu-ule usoro Biko-enwe ma na-eche na izi ezi nke kpatara phenomena, ruo n'ókè na nso nke nsogbu site na-agba ọsọ na-elu-ule guzosie iche maka iwepu ụgbọala mmejọ. B. Vehicle kpatara mkpochapu emee Nzọụkwụ 1: Description of ụgbọala kpatara phenomena N'okpuru general ọnọdụ, mgbe ugbo ala na-anaghị emezi emezi na-rụziri, servicemen gāriọ ọkwọ banyere ụgbọala kpatara phenomena, atụmatụ, ihe mgbaàmà tupu kpatara egosi na oge nke kpatara na-eme ka ahụ nke mbido qualitative ikpe. Nzọụkwụ 2: nkwenye na ule nke ụgbọala kpatara phenomena (1). General nzọụkwụ ndị dị ka ndị: Tupu ụgbọala na-kwupụtara na-anwale, servicemen ga mejuputa visual nnyocha na ụgbọala anya na-enyo anyị enyo akụkụ gburugburu ụgbọala. Mgbe visual nnyocha na-emejuputa atumatu, biko jide n'aka: nlezianya achọpụta na inyocha na aka tupu disassembly na mgbe ase nọgidere. N'otu oge ahụ, biko lee ụgbọala site n'ịgbaso ụkpụrụ nke si mfe na ihe siri ike, si nso anya na si n'èzí na n'ime. Biko mepụta ule ọsọ ma na-egosi "kpatara phenomena" na usoro ịba "kpatara phenomena". Dabere na nkwenye, biko mepụta nnwale tụnyere maka isi akụkụ. Nzọụkwụ 3: Vehicle kpatara analysis Analysis nwere ike kewara: biko nyochaa usoro (mkpa nzukọ a na akụrụngwa) nke nwere ike ime ka "kpatara phenomena" na isi akụkụ (nzukọ) nke nwere ike ime ka "kpatara phenomena". The analysis ga-rụrụ dị ka ụgbọala usoro Ọdịdị na ọrụ edumbet. Biko nyochaa ugboro ugboro iji chọpụta na-akpata. The analysis usoro a mgbagwoju anya usoro nke mere na ọ chọrọ nkwado nke ozizi, ụkpụrụ na ahụmahụ na dịkwa mkpa lezie na ezi uche eche echiche. N'otu oge ahụ, ibuo ule na-nọgidere mkpa. N'ihi ya, a pụrụ ịdabere na ikpe ọgwụgwụ nwere ike nwetara. Nzọụkwụ 4: Vehicle kpatara ikpe The ụgbọala kpatara ikpe mere dabeere na analysis na mmezi ahụmahụ. The ukpụhọde N'ihi nwere ike ziri ezi ma ọ bụ nwere ike ghara ịbụ nke ziri ezi, nke bụ nkịtị. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na-ata ụta nwere ike ịdị mfe na pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ nwere ike ịbụ multiple na mbara. Ya mere, ugboro ugboro analysis na nnwale tụnyere na-mkpa nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ruo mgbe nsogbu a na-kpam kpam-edozi. Nzọụkwụ 5: Vehicle kpatara mkpochapu Vehicle kpatara mkpochapu na ịrụzi bụghị a mgbagwoju anya oru usoro. Isi ọdịnaya ndị dị mfe disassembly na nzukọ. The disassembly ga-eso ụkpụrụ nke si mfe na ihe siri ike ma si n'èzí na n'ime-ebu ele mmadụ anya n'ihu disassembly zere disassembly na nnukwu ebe. Chọrọ maka disassembly ga-kwuru mgbe disassembly na nzukọ. Nzọụkwụ 6: nkwenye na ule mgbe ụgbọala kpatara mkpochapu The rụziri ụgbọala ga-kwupụtara. Ụkpụrụ nke nkwenye na ule a bụ iwepụ ụgbọala kpatara phenomena na mgbaàmà. Ọ bụrụ na kpatara phenomena na mgbaàmà na-adịghị tutu amama, biko na-ekpeghachi n'elu nzọụkwụ ruo mgbe ụgbọala kpatara kpamkpam tutu amama.

A. uta na o kwere omume na-akpata na kpatara omume (gas): (1). Gas cylinder enweghị gas ma ọ bụ n'aka valvụ nke gas cylinder bụghị oghe. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: tinye gas ma ọ bụ gbanye n'aka valvụ nke gas cylinder. (2). Elu nsogbu solenoid valvụ nwere enweghị ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ mebiri emebi. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: gbanye mgbanye isi na mgbe ahụ solenoid valvụ ka ịkụ "thump" ụda. The njikọ clip nke elu nsogbu solenoid valvụ ga-plugged tightly. Ọ bụrụ na ndị solenoid valvụ mebiri emebi, biko dochie ya. (3). Low mgbali solenoid valvụ na FMV nwere ike ịbụ na-emeghe ma ọ bụ na-adịghị na-emeghe n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: inyocha na akwụkwọ kọmputa. Mgbe mgbanye isi agbanyere, na gas mgbali uru bụ ala karịa 110PSIA. Biko dochie solenoid valvụ ma ọ bụ inyocha valvụ plọg. (4). Gas mgbali bụ ala. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: inyocha ma gas pipeline ntapu gas. B. uta na o kwere omume na-akpata na kpatara omume (mgbanye circuit): (1). Abụọ relays nke engine akara modul na-mebiri emebi, ya mere, biko nyochaa ma atọ ọkọnọ edoghi nwere ọkụ eletrik. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: gbanye mgbanye isi na inyocha ma ọsọ agba anọ na fuuz nwere 24V voltaji na multimeter dị ka eletriki osise. (2). Mgbanye modul mebiri emebi. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: ịchọpụta na inanition eriri igwe misfires. Biko inyocha kpatara koodu, icheku ọkụ nkwụnye na elu-erughị ala USB. (3). Malite-elu rotary ọsọ dị oke obere (kasị ala mmalite-elu rotary ọsọ bụ 100r / min) kpatara ọgwụgwọ: inyocha ma batrị voltaji nwere ike iru 24V. (4). Engine akara modul (ECM) mebiri emebi. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: dochie ECM. C. uta na o kwere omume na-akpata na kpatara omume (ikuku gas circuit na ndị ọzọ): (1). Air oriri bụghị zuru ezu kpatara ọgwụgwọ: inyocha ma ikuku nyo na ikuku oriri usoro na-egbochi na leaked. (2). Oxygen mmetụta njikọ clip a gwakọtara na obere sekit e mere. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: dochie oxygen ihe mmetụta. (3). Kọmputa trotul valvụ mebiri emebi. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: eji software iji nwalee electronic trotul valvụ. Ọ bụrụ na kọmputa trotul valvụ mebiri emebi, biko dochie ya. (4). Oriri valvụ na iyuzucha valvụ na-gbanwee nkọ. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: inyocha valvụ nwechapụ dị ka ntụziaka ntuziaka nke dizel engine. (5). Ụfọdụ na sekit na sekit na okokụre ụgbọala nwere nsogbu, dị ka na-anọpụ iche gia mgba ọkụ na wdg kpatara ọgwụgwọ: inyocha ndị na sekit na sekit nke okokụre ụgbọala. (6). Ọsọ mmetụta kpatara. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: eji software ịchọpụta na-ahụ, e nwere a kpatara koodu. Inyocha na nwechapụ n'etiti fluted diski na mmetụta. (7). The gia cup of mgbaàmà generator amama na n'akuku nke mgbanye tupu agbanwe nke ukwuu. Na oge a, mgbaàmà generator bụ gbajiri. Nsogbu ọgwụgwọ: ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke gia cup mee TDC ọnụ ọgụgụ akara kwado na Central ọnọdụ inclining na engine nke na-agba ihe mmetụta. Biko jiri nlezianya na inyocha ma mgbaàmà generator bụ gbajiri. Ọ bụrụ na ee, biko dochie mgbaàmà generator mgbakọ.

A. Tupu kpatara mmezi a rụrụ, ọ bara uru inyocha na-anwale iji zere omume ọjọọ maka mmezi. B. inyocha ma ikuku nke n'iru wheel bụ ezuru, ma abụọ hà na ma wiil na-eyi. C. inyocha mmanụ uka na mmanụ tank bụ ezuru ma bụ n'ime kpọmkwem mmanụ larịị. D. inyocha ma mmanụ nyo dị ọcha na-eji ire ụtọ E. inyocha ma mgbanwe anwụrụ gbagọrọ agbagọ, ma kinking kwesịrị ekwesị na na-egbochi. F. inyocha ma ike-aka n'iru mmanụ mgbapụta belt ome. G. inyocha ma ndị na-esonụ na njikọ na-doro anya na mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ na-adịghị gbanwee. (1). Joystick na eluigwe na ala na nkwonkwo; (2). N'iru ogwe aka, ise mmanya, ise mmanya nkwonkwo na eluigwe na ala na nkwonkwo; (3). Echikwapụ ọnọdụ nke ọ bụla n'iru njikọ.

Mgbe ọhụrụ ọrụ dị nnọọ eji arọ-oru ụgbọala na Fast gearbox, ọrụ na-emekarị na-egosipụta na ọ dịghị mfe maka ụgbọala na-etinye n'ime gia mgbe amalite. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na ọrụ adịghị agụ ntụziaka ntuziaka ma ọ bụ na-adịghị na-azụ nke na ọrụ na-adịghị aghọta na-arụ ọrụ na atụmatụ nke Fast gearbox. Dị ka anyị maara na isi igbe ochie Fast gearbox nwere dịghị synchronizer ka malite mgbanwe ga-ipigide na breeki na-ahazi ọrụ ahụ. Mgbe ụgbọala amalite, ma ọ bụrụ na naanị ipigide pedal na-steepụ on ma mgba ọkụ valvụ nke ipigide na breeki na-adịghị tụgharịa na, na mgbe ahụ na breeki ike na-arụ ọrụ. Ya mere, ọ bụ ike na-etinye n'ime gia. Ụfọdụ ọrụ mara ihe ndị a chọrọ maka na-amalite ime ihe, ma, ha ka na-egosipụta na ọ bụ ike na-etinye n'ime gia. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, ọkwọ ụgbọala bụ mkpụmkpụ na ụkwụ bụ mkpụmkpụ, Ọzọkwa, oche dị elu, ya mere, na ụkwụ aka ike na-emetụ na arụmọrụ ọnọdụ nke breeki mgbe amalite. N'ihi ya, na oche elu ga-agbazi ka izute chọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na ipigide n'ezie na-eme na breeki mgba ọkụ valvụ gbanye ma ọ bụ ka ike na-etinye n'ime gia mgbe amalite. Na o yiri ka ipigide na-adịghị tọhapụrụ kpamkpam, na mgbe ahụ, ọ na-egosi na ipigide breeki usoro nwere kpatara. Ugbu a biko inyocha braking gas circuit apụ, na-etinye na breeki valvụ na ekpe ala gia igbe, esighi ike na gas ụdị dabara adaba nke breeki cylinder wee kwụpụ na ipigide pedal na-atụgharị na ipigide breeki valvụ. Biko debe ma gas ụdị dabara adaba exhausts gas na n'èzí. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ezigbo ka iyuzucha, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-egosi na e nwere ihe ọjọọ maka mgba ọkụ valvụ nke breeki. Biko ebukọtala ya ma ọ bụ dochie ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ka iyuzucha, na mgbe ahụ, ọ na-egosi na ọ dịghị nsogbu na mgba ọkụ valvụ na ma eleghị anya kpatara bụ na breeki cylinder. The ọgwụgwọ bụ ebukọtala ipigide breeki cylinder. Biko debe ma breeki cylinder pistin akara mgbanaka bụ yi ma ọ bụ ntapu gas, ma pistin pụrụ ịkpali were were na-adịghị clamped. Ọ bụrụ na ọ ntapu gas, na mgbe ahụ dochie akara mgbanaka. N'ikpeazụ, biko nyochaa ma pistin breeki aak concave elu na-eyi kpọrọ ihe. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eyi kpọrọ ihe, biko dochie breeki cylinder pistin. Ọtụtụ ihe, ọtụtụ arọ-oru gwongworo na-adịghị onwem na "ipigide braking ngwaọrụ" maka oge. Mgbe ụgbọala naetinye gia mgbe amalite, ipigide pedal ga-steepụ na na mgbe ahụ na-etinye n'ime gia gasịrị, nke bụ otu ihe ahụ na ndị ọzọ na ụdị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ike ịgbanwee gia mgbe ụgbọala mere ejikari ahụ, biko inyocha ma ihe kpatara ya bụ na n'ime ime obodo ọrụ mgbanwe larịị. Fast gearbox adopts remote mgbanwe usoro na arọ-oru gwongworo. Ọ bụrụ na mgbanwe larịị gbanwee inappropriately ma ọ bụ ndị jointing na bushing oke uko ma ọ bụ ókè eyi, ndị na-eguzogide mgbanwe gia ga-amụba ka ọ bụ ike ịgbanwee gia. Karịsịa, ụfọdụ Kwadobe ndị siri ike ịgbanwee. The ịghasa nwere ike gbanwere ukpụhọde gia mgbanwe ogwe-aka nke gearbox mee joystick na kwesịrị ekwesị ọnọdụ. N'ihi na gearbox na abụọ-menjuobi abụọ-mgbanwe usoro, mgbe menjuobi nke ịchịkwa selector menjuobi ma ọ bụ mgbanwe aro na-adịghị gbanwee n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, gia na nsọtụ nwere ike na-etinye n'ime idobere gia, creeper gia, na 7th na 8th gia. Na oge a, biko wepu ọrụ menjuobi ma ọ bụ mgbanwe aro site na-arụ ọrụ menjuobi wee tinye ndị selector menjuobi na gia nhọrọ ọnọdụ nke ihu Kwadobe, kpatụ ogologo nke ọrụ menjuobi ma ọ bụ mgbanwe aro iru gia nhọrọ ọnọdụ nke ịgba na jikọọ joystick ma ọ bụ mgbanwe aro na selector menjuobi. Ugbu a, dị iche iche na usoro nke gearboxes na-onwem na niile synchronizer. Ọ bụ ya mere adaba n'ihi na ndị a na ụdị gearboxes ịgbanwee gia. Mgbe a gia dịghị mfe ịgbanwee, biko nyochaa ma synchronizer a gia mebiri emebi. Mgbe gearbox na niile synchronizer ejikwara, biko ịgbanwee gia na ò mgbanwe gia ọsọ, nke nwere ike ibelata abrasion nke synchronizer na ịgbatị ọrụ ndụ nke synchronizer. Mgbe mgbanwe gia na rụrụ n'etiti abụọ n'akụkụ elu gia na ala gia (eg anọ na nke ise gia), kwesịrị ekwesị nkeji ga-mkpa maka prodding elu na ala Kwadobe na-ebute na gia. Mgbe ihe gia mgbanwe bụ kwa coherent, ọ dị mfe na-esure na emebi synchronizer nke abụọ gearbox. Ọ bụrụ na ime sistemụ menjuobi na-iche gia mgbanwe ogwe-aka nke gearbox, ọ bụ ka ike na-ịgbanwee ụfọdụ Kwadobe na usoro nke na-arụ ọrụ gia mgbanwe ogwe aka, na ya na-egosi na n'ime gearbox nwere kpatara. Na oge a, idozi na disassembly dị mkpa. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, ihe kpatara ya bụ na mgbanwe okporo gearbox cover na-nkwarụ, eji aka uwe na abụọ akụ bụ oruru ma ọ bụ ókè eyi ma ọ bụ na mgbanwe aro ma ọ bụ lockpin nke na-ebuli larịị tọpụ.

Isi-akpata n'ihi na-ekpo ọkụ breeki drum bụ na breeki ulo ọ naghị alaghachi ma ọ bụ laghachi bụ kwa ngwa ngwa. Breeki akpụkpọ ụkwụ na breeki drum enweghị nwechapụ, nke nwekwara ike ime ka breeki drum na-ekpo ọkụ. Biko inyocha na kpatụ nwechapụ na inyocha ihe mere-ulo ọ naghị alaghachi. Mgbe breeki ulo ọ naghị alaghachi, biko nyochaa gas circuit na ma na breeki camshaft bụ uko. Mgbe nloghachi spring nke breeki akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-agbajikwa, na breeki drum bụ na-ekpo ọkụ kwa. Biko mara na: na nwechapụ n'etiti Steyr breeki drum na taya rim bụ oke obere, izi ezi nke n'ichepụta nke ụlọ breeki drum bụ ala, elu na-ekpo ọkụ ikuku ụzọ nke elu nke breeki drum bụ na-emighị emi, ya mere, okpomọkụ dissipation bụ ogbenye. Mgbe ụgbọala na-agba ruo ogologo anya downhill, na engine iyuzucha emission breeki ga-akwụsịlata na moto (ụkwụ) breeki ga-eji obere ikekwe iji zere na breeki drum bụ oke ọkụ.

The breeki ike na-arụ ọrụ na mmetụta bụ ogbenye, nke nwere ike mere site na gas circuit usoro. Breeki akpụkpọ ụkwụ si esemokwu efere na breeki drum nwere nsogbu. The aka ebe n'etiti breeki shot efere na breeki drum ga-ibu karịa 70% nke ngụkọta nke ebe. N'otu oge ahụ, na esemokwu efere ga-adịkwa ọcha, ala akọrọ na-enweghị kegriiz unyi na ooh. Iji jide n'aka na aka elu n'etiti breeki akpụkpọ ụkwụ si esemokwu efere na breeki drum, mgbe breeki drum bụ nke gburugburu na nwere ikpuru akara na esemokwu efere mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ ndị na-anọchi, biko ịrụ ezigbo mgbanwe n'elu esemokwu efere na breeki igba na pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ. The bara uru ahụmahụ na-egosi na mmetụta nke ma ọgwụgwụ ihu nke breeki akpụkpọ ụkwụ si esemokwu efere meshed dị mma karịa meshed center na unmeshed nsọtụ. Ya mere, mgbe breeki esemokwu efere anamde ezigbo mgbanwe, na dayameta nke ezigbo mgbanwe ga-0.2mm ibu karịa n'ime dayameta nke breeki drum. The kacha ezigbo mgbanwe ego nke breeki drum ga-2mm na n'obosara n'ozuzu.

Ọ bụrụ na batrị ike bụ ezughị mgbe amụnye ụtụtụ na ọ bụ ike sere Starter, a nwa oge usoro bụ: wụsa mmiri ọkụ na batrị, nso niile electric ngwá na-emechi ụgbọala ụzọ (na ala nwere ụkwụ ọkụ). Mgbe 5-10 nkeji, ụgbọala nwere ike na-amalite. Mgbe e mesịrị biko ụgbọala ụgbọala ịgbanwe batrị.

The ime na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke ngwa ngwa gearbox ga-adị ọzọ karịa 120 ℃. Gearbox ike igbanye ụfọdụ okpomọkụ n'ihi na nke esemokwu nke na-akpụ akpụ so. The nkịtị na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ bụ banyere 38 ℃ elu karịa ihere okpomọkụ. The okpomọkụ na-agamevu site gearbox ụlọ. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dissipation abụghị nkịtị, ekpo oke ọkụ ga-mere. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị na ụgbọala gearbox bụ "oke ọkụ na-emetụ" mgbe ụgbọala na-agba ọsọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ. Ma ọ bụrụ na uwe nke agba nke gearbox na-gbawara na elu okpomọkụ na-egosi, biko ntị ka nnyocha. E nwere ọtụtụ akpata ekpo oke ọkụ nke gearbox. Ukwuu jupụtara gia mmanụ ma ọ bụ oké njọ mmanụ agụụ ga-eme ka ekpo oke ọkụ. The igwe akụkụ bụ abnormally eyi na amị na-gaa oke uko, nke na-ike ịkpata ekpo oke ọkụ. Gearbox agba na ala na-agba ma ọ bụ elu na-agba, nke nwekwara ike ime ka ekpo oke ọkụ. Mgbe ika nke gearbox gia mmanụ karịsịa viscosity nọmba bụ ihe ọjọọ, ọ bụ ike ịtụ na mgbe ahụ gearbox na-ekpo oke ọkụ. The ikuku ventilator nke gearbox nwere ike ime ka ekpo oke ọkụ ma na-nwere ike ime ka gearbox kpọrọ ntapu mmanụ na ọsọ ọsọ na-mmepụta ọgwụgwụ. Engine iyuzucha usoro bụ kwa mechiri emechi na gearbox. Na-agba ọsọ na-agba bụ ihe na-erughị 32Km / h n'ozuzu. Arụ ọrụ n'akuku nke gearbox ga-ihe karịrị 12 Celsius.