Waka tikanga tetahi he whakakorenga (1). Tikanga o te pātai ūnga tata Tīpakohia te ūnga mā te faatumuraa i runga i ngā pūnaha e pā ana ki te raruraru mō ari te hape, me te pātai tata i runga i te whakamātautau. Tīpakohia te ūnga mā te faatumuraa i runga i ngā pūnaha e pā ana ki te raruraru mō ari te hape, me te pātai tata i runga i te whakamātautau. (2). tikanga Screening (tikanga Aukati) faaore i te teka, me te pupuri i te pono, me te tango i nga ari ausia e ui kaiwhakamahi waka, me te rere ake whakamātautau ki te whakaū i te hape motuhēhē; i roto i te tukanga o te oma whakamātautau, tātari me te whakawa, ngā pūnaha (wāhanga) whakahaeretia tikanga e taea te whakapumautia kohakore kotahi e tetahi tae noa ki te whakaminenga (wāhanga) e whakatata hape meinga. Kia e tīpakohia te hahi (wāhanga) meinga he, ka tēnā hanga whakakapi i te whakaminenga (wāhanga) ranei, me te ka tirotiro i te oma whakamātautau. Ki te whakakorea tītohunga te hape, oti te mahi te hape whakakorenga te. Ki te kahore e whakakorea tītohunga te hape, na pai tonu ki te kawe i roto i te āta. (3). tikanga whakawa Mātāpono whakawa ranei te ūnga tīpakohia mahi tikanga rite ki te pūnaha whakaminenga (wāhanga) parau tumu whakahaere ranei. (4). tikanga whakamātautau rere-ake koa wheako me te ite i te pono o tītohu te hape, whānuitanga me te whānuitanga o ngā raruraru i roto i whakamātautau rere-ake ki te whakatū i ūnga mō te whakakore he waka. B. Vehicle tetahi he whakakorenga sitepu Hipanga 1: Whakaahuatanga o te waka ari tetahi he I raro i ngā āhuatanga whānui, ka e hanga ana waka ki hape, ka ui hōia atekōkiri e pā ana ki ngā tītohunga waka te hape, ngā āhuatanga, tohu i mua i puta tetahi he, me te wa o te tetahi he, me te ka meinga kounga tuatahi whakawa. Hipanga 2: Whakamana, me te whakamātau o tītohu waka tetahi he (1). Ko e whai ake kaupae General: I mua manatoko te waka kei te ka whakamatautau, ka whakatinana hōia tirotiro ataata i runga i te ahua waka, me te wahi tūpato huri noa te waka. A, no te whakatinana tirohanga ataata te, tēnā kia: mau āta, ka tirotiro ki ringa i mua i disassembly me ka uiui tonu. I te wa ano, tēnā tirotiro i te waka mā te whai i te parau tumu o i te ngāwari ki te uaua, i te tata ki te tawhiti me te i te waho ki te roto. Koa kawe i oma whakamātautau me te whakau "ari te hape" me te pūnaha incurring "ari te hape". I runga i te haamauraa, tēnā kawe i whakamātau rite hoki wāhanga matua. Hipanga 3: Waka Analysis tātari tetahi he e taea te wehea ki: tēnā tātari i te pūnaha (whakaminenga hāngai, me te wāhanga) e kia meinga "ari te hape" me ngā wāhanga matua (whakaminenga) e kia meinga "ari te hape". Ka te tātari kia kawea atu rite ki hanganga me te whakahaere parau tumu o te pūnaha waka. Koa tātari tamau ki te kitea i roto i take. Ko te tukanga tātaritanga ko te tukanga uaua kia me reira te tautoko o te ariā, parau tumu me te wheako me te hoki hiahia whakaaro hu'ahu'a me arorau. I te wa ano, kei te tonu e hiahiatia ana whakamātautau whakamātautau. Ka rite ki te hua, e taea te whiwhi mutunga whakawa pono. Hipanga 4: Waka tetahi he whakawa i hanga te tetahi he whakawa waka e hāngai i runga i te tātari, me te wheako tiaki. kia tika te hua whakarerekētanga ranei kia kore e tika, i te mea noa. Ko te take, ko te kia i te hara ki ohie, me te ahurei ranei kia maha, me te whānui. Na reira, kei te hiahiatia tātaritanga toutou me whakamātau whakarite taahiraa i te taahiraa noa te tino kitea te raruraru. Hipanga 5: Waka tetahi he whakakorenga Vehicle te hape whakakorenga me te hanganga e kore ko te tukanga mahi uaua. Ko te tirotiro matua he disassembly ohie, me te whakaminenga. Ka whai i te disassembly te parau tumu o i te ngāwari ki te uaua, me te i te waho ki te roto ki te kawe i roto i disassembly wāhanga ki te karo i disassembly ki wāhi nui. ka Whakaritenga mō te disassembly kia tuhia ka disassembly me te whakaminenga. Hipanga 6: manatokonga me te whakamātautau i muri waka tetahi he whakakorenga e te waka, he mea hanga kia mana aianei. Ko te paerewa o te whakaū me te whakamātautau, ko te ki te whakakore ari te hape waka me tohu. Ki te kahore e whakakorea ari te hape me tohu, tēnā faahiti i te takahanga i runga tae noa ki te tino whakakorea tetahi he waka.
A. Hapa take taea, me te tetahi he maimoatanga (hau): (1). Gas puoto kua kore he tuwhera kahore hau ringa ranei piha o hau rango. Te hape maimoatanga: tāpiri hau tahuri i runga i te ringa takirere o hau rango ranei. (2). pēhanga High solenoid takirere e kore hiko e pakaru ranei. Te hape maimoatanga: tahuri i runga i te kī pātīmata me ka kua waea te piha solenoid tangi "kuru". Ka te topenga tūhono o te pēhanga teitei solenoid takirere kia mono piri. Ki te pakaru te piha solenoid te, tēnā whakakapi reira. (3). pēhanga iti solenoid takirere i runga i FMV kore e taea e tuwhera ranei e kore e whakatuwhera tino. Te hape maimoatanga: tirotiro ki pukatuhi rorohiko. I muri i te kī pātīmata tahuri te runga, he raro atu 110PSIA te uara pēhanga hau. Koa whakakapi i te piha solenoid tirotiro piha plug ranei. (4). he iti pēhanga Gas. Te hape maimoatanga: tirotiro ahakoa ngā turuturu hau paipa hau. B. Hapa take taea, me te tetahi he maimoatanga (pātīmata haaati): (1). E pakaru E rua tānga o kōwae mana pūkaha, reira, tēnā tirohia ranei e toru ngā rārangi supply i hiko. Te hape maimoatanga: tahuri i runga i te kī pātīmata me tirotiro mehemea whai tānga, me te wiki 24V ngaohiko ki multimeter rite ki hoahoa hiko. (2). pakaru kōwae pātīmata te. Te hape maimoatanga: kitea e te misfires inanition pōkai. Koa tirotiro waehere te hape, korakora mono me nui-mānukanuka taura. (3). He iti rawa (te tere hurihuri i raro tīmata-ake ko 100r / min) Hapa maimoatanga tere hurihuri Tīmata-ake: tirotiro ranei e taea e te ngaohiko o te pūhiko tae 24V. (4). pakaru kōwae mana Engine (ECM) te. Te hape maimoatanga: whakakapi ECM. C. Hapa take taea, me te tetahi he maimoatanga (rangi hau haaati me ētahi atu): (1). e kore he maimoatanga Hapa rawaka Air horomanga: tirotiro ahakoa e āraia tātari rangi me te pūnaha rangi horomanga me ka patai. (2). tauta hāora tūhono pūoko topenga te ka meinga ara iahiko poto te. Te hape maimoatanga: whakakapi hāora pūoko. (3). pakaru takirere kātere Electronic te. Te hape maimoatanga: te whakamahi pūmanawa ki te whakamātau i piha kātere hiko. Ki te pakaru te piha kātere hiko te, tēnā whakakapi reira. (4). E whakaritea piha horomanga me te whakapau takirere hetia. Te hape maimoatanga: tirotiro piha whakawātea rite ki ako ā-o engine diesel. (5). Ētahi iahiko i runga i te waka oti i raruraru, pērā i te kūpapa pana taputapu me etc. Hapa maimoatanga: tirotiro i te iahiko o te waka oti. (6). Velocity tetahi he pūoko. Te hape maimoatanga: te whakamahi pūmanawa ki te kitea a ka reira ko te waehere te hape. Tirotiro i te whakawātea i waenganui i kōpae fluted me pūoko. (7). Ko te kapu taputapu o te tohu generator tahuri a taui nui te koki o te mua pātīmata. I tenei kau, he whati tohu generator. Te hape maimoatanga: te whakatika i te tūranga o te kapu taputapu ki te hanga TDC tauine tohu te whakahāngai i i tūnga pokapū anga ki te pūkaha o te pūoko tere. Koa āta tirohia mehemea he whati te generator tohu. Ki te ae, tēnā whakakapi tohu whakaminenga generator.
Kei te whakamana A. I mua tiaki te hape, he pai ki te tirotiro me te whakamatautau ki te karo i ngā mahi he mo te tiaki. B. Tirotiro ahakoa he nui pēhanga hau o urungi wira, ahakoa he rite ngā taha e rua me mehemea e mau wira. C. Tirotiro hinu papatipu i roto i te hinu tank he nui, me te ranei kei roto i te taumata hinu i tohua. D. Tirotiro ahakoa he pokekore tātari hinu, me te maeneene E. Titiro ranei whiria putorino ngāwari te, ahakoa he tika kinking me te āraia. F. Tirotiro ahakoa urungi peka hinu papu whitiki mana-āwhina. G. Tirotiro ahakoa e mārama pakaru nga hononga e whai ake nei e kore e whakaritea ranei. (1). Kakautohu me tahi ao; (2). Urungi ringa, te utu pae, te utu pae tahi, me te tahi ao; (3). Whakakaewa āhuatanga o ia hononga urungi.
A, no te whakamahi tika kaiwhakamahi hou taimaha-ohipa taraka ki tōnā nohopuku, te tikanga whakaata kaiwhakamahi e kore te mea e mea ohie hoki ki te waka hoatu ki taputapu ka tīmata. Ko te take, ko te e kore e kite i kaiwhakamahi ā-ako ranei e kore e whakaakona kia kore e taua kaiwhakamahi mahino āhuatanga whakahaere o te tōnā nohopuku. Ka rite ki matau ana tatou i te pouaka matua o tōnā nohopuku tawhito e kore synchronizer kia e tīmata neke ka whai mamau me te wahia ki te fakafekau'aki te mahi. A, no te tīmata te waka, ki te marere te teka mamau anake te i runga i engari e kore e te te piha whakakā o mamau me te wahia tahuri ki runga ki, a ka kore e taea te wahia te mahi. Na reira, he uaua ki te hoatu ki te taputapu. Ētahi kaiwhakamahi mohio nga whakaritenga mō te tīmata mahi, engari whakaata tonu ratou e he uaua ki te hoatu ki te taputapu. Te tikanga e korero, he taraiwa poto rawa me he poto rawa waewae, ano, he tiketike rawa te nohoanga, reira, e kore e taea e te waewae pa ki te tūranga whakahaere o te wahia, ka tīmata. Ka rite ki te hua, ka te teitei nohoanga kia whakaritea ki te whakatau i te whakaritenga. Ki te te mamau tino hanga te whakakā piha wahia tahuri i runga engari he reira tonu uaua ki te hoatu ki te taputapu ka tīmata. A te mea te reira e kore te tukua te mamau rawa, a ka tohu ai e te pūnaha wahia mamau he te hape. Na tēnā tirohia braking hau iahiko tuatahi, hoatu te piha wahia i runga i mahue i te raro o te pouaka taputapu, wewete i te momo tikanga o te whawhati puoto hau, me te ka manga i runga i te teka mamau ki te tahuri i runga i te piha wahia mamau. Koa mau ranei momo hau exhausts tika hau ki te waho. Ki te kore te mea te reira maeneene ki ruha, ka tohu te reira e te vai nei te hara ki hoki te piha whakakā o te wahia. Koa disassemble reira whakakapi reira ranei. Ki te he reira noa ki te ruha, a ka tohu ai i reira he kore raruraru i roto i te piha whakakā me pea ko te he i runga i te puoto wahia. Ko te maimoatanga he ki wetewete i te puoto wahia mamau. Koa mau ranei kakahu ko te wahia puoto mowhiti kōkeke hiri turuturu hau, ahakoa e taea te neke pai te kōkeke, me te kore e whakauria ranei. Ki te ngā turuturu i te reira hau, a ka whakakapi mowhiti hiri. I te pae hopea, tēnā tirohia ranei mau i te pewa wahia kōkeke mata hakoko te tino. Ki te mau i te reira tino, tēnā whakakapi te kōkeke wahia puoto. Tino nui, e kore e maha taraka taimaha-ohipa rawa ki "pūrere braking mamau" mo te kau. A, no te e te waka ki taputapu ina tīmata, ka te teka mamau kia takahia i runga i a ka hoatu ki taputapu i muri mai, i te mea te taua ki ētahi atu momo. Ki te he reira uaua ki te hūnuku taputapu ka pei te waka tikanga, ka tēnā tirohia ranei te take, ko te mahi mamao o te taumata neke. tōnā nohopuku Tiwihana tikanga neke mamao i runga i nga taraka taimaha-ohipa. Ki te whakaritea te taumata neke te hē e raru rawa ranei rawa tawhito te jointing me bushing ranei, ka kia nui haere te ātete o te neke taputapu kia ko reira uaua ki te hūnuku taputapu. I roto i ngā, he uaua ki te hūnuku i te tahi nihowhiti. Ka taea te whakaritea te tīwiri mā te huri i taputapu neke ringa o tōnā ki kia kakautohu i te tūranga e tika ana. Hoki tōnā ki hua-rua neke-rua tikanga, ka kore e hua o te whakahaere hua Kaikōwhiri take ngāwari ranei whakaritea tika, te taputapu i runga i te mata e kore e taea e hoatu ki rāhui taputapu, creeper taputapu, me te 7 me te taputapu 8. I tenei kau, tēnā tango i te hua whakahaere take ngāwari ranei i te hua whakahaere, me te ka hoatu te hua kaikōwhiri i runga i te tūranga taputapu kōwhiringa o nihowhiti mata, te whakatika i te roa o te hua whakahaere take ngāwari ranei ki tae te tūranga taputapu whiriwhiri o te rohe, me te ki te hono kakautohu take ngāwari ranei ki kaikōwhiri hua. I reira, e rite rawa ngā raupapa o gearboxes ki synchronizer katoa. Ko reira kia watea hoki ki enei momo o gearboxes nuku taputapu. A, no te kore te mea he taputapu ngāwari ki te hūnuku, tēnā tirohia ranei pakaru te synchronizer o tenei taputapu te. A, no te whakahaeretia tōnā ki synchronizer katoa te, tēnā nuku taputapu ki te tere neke taputapu kouma, e taea te whakaiti i te abrasion o synchronizer me roa te ora mahi o synchronizer. A, no te whakamana neke taputapu kei waenganui i rua taputapu pātata teitei, me te taputapu iti (hei tauira, taputapu wha, me te rima), ka e hiahiatia wā e tika ana mō te tahi faahou nihowhiti tiketike, me te iti, me te aki i roto i te taputapu. A, no te he pipiri rawa te mahi o te neke taputapu, e mea ohie ki te tahu me te kino synchronizer o tōnā tuarua. Ki te wehea te hua whakahaere mamao i ringa neke taputapu o tōnā, he reira tonu uaua ki te hūnuku i te tahi nihowhiti ki te tikanga o tika mahi ringa taputapu neke, ka tohu te reira e te roto o tōnā he tetahi he. I tenei kau, e hiahiatia ana hanga ki disassembly te. Te tikanga e korero, te take, ko te e hauā e neke take o cover tōnā, retireti ringaringa me he hira ake ranei rawa tawhito tangoro te take neke lockpin o te taumata aranga ranei te ranei e rua ngahaú.
Ko te take matua mō te pahū wahia wera ko e kore e wahia ruma hoki ranei he puhoi rawa hoki. Whawhati hu me te wahia pahū kahore waere, e taea hoki e hanga wahia drum wera. Tena tirohia a whakarite te waere, ka tirotiro he aha e kore e te ruma hoki. A, no te kore e te ruma wahia hoki, tēnā tirotiro hau ara iahiko, me te ranei he raru te huri kawau wahia. A, no te pakaru te puna hoki o wahia hu te, he wera te pahū wahia rawa. Me mōhio e: te whakawātea i waenganui i Steyr whawhati pahū me te mauiui niao he iti rawa, he iti tika o whakangao o drum wahia kāinga, he pāpaku te ara hau wera o runga o te waho o whawhati drum, a reira, he rawakore rawa tohanga wera. A, no te rere te waka mo te tawhiti roa faaheeraa, ka pōturi te wahia tukunga whakapau pūkaha iho a ka nekeneke (waewae) wahia kia whakamahia iti pea ki te karo i te mea wera rawa te pahū wahia.
E kore e taea e te whawhati te mahi me te he rawakore te pānga, e ai meinga e te pūnaha hau ara iahiko. pereti waku me te wahia pahū wahia o hu i raruraru. Ko te wāhi pa i waenganui i pereti pere whawhati me te wahia pahū ka nui atu i te 70% o te rohe katoa. I te wa ano, ka waiho i te paraharaha te waku ma, maroke, me te whai kore paru hinuhinu me hou. I roto i te tikanga ki te kī i te mata pa i waenganui i pereti te waku wahia o hu me te whawhati pahū, ina ko te pahū wahia i roto i o tawhio me he tohu tō me pakaru pereti waku te ranei te whakakapia te, tēnā mahi koki maeneene i runga i te mata o te pereti waku me te wahia taramu ki taputapu motuhake. E whakaatu ana te wheako mahi e meshed te pānga o rua kanohi mutunga o pereti te waku wahia o hu he pai atu i pokapū meshed me pito unmeshed. Na reira, ka mahi pereti wahia te waku koki maeneene, ka waiho te 0.2mm nui atu i diameter roto o wahia pahū te diameter o koki maheni. Ko te nui koki maeneene mōrahi o te wahia pahū ka 2mm i runga i te diameter tikanga.
Ki te kore te mea nui te pūngao pūhiko ina arero i roto i te ata, a ko reira uaua ki te wahia te timata, he tikanga rangitahi he: ringihia te wai wera i runga i te pākahiko, tata taputapu hiko katoa ka kati i te tatau waka (te raiti waewae kua raro). I muri i 5-10 meneti, ka taea e te waka te tīmata. I muri tēnā peia te waka ki te huri i te pūhiko.
Te pāmahana mahi whakaaetia o tōnā nohopuku ka kore ake atu i te 120 ℃. Ka taea e tōnā whakaputa etahi wera no o te waku o neke mema. Ko e pā ana ki 38 ℃ runga ake i te pāmahana ambient te pāmahana mahi noa. toreretanga te wera te roto whare tōnā. Ki te kore te mea noa tohanga wera, ka kia meinga pukā. Ko reira noa e waka tōnā ko "wera rawa ki te pa ki" ka rere i te waka i roto i te raumati wera. Otiia ki te ngatata te koti o peita o tōnā te ka puta nui pāmahana, tēnā e whakarongo ki te tirohanga. He maha ngā pūtake mō te pukā o tōnā. ki tonu nui rawa hinu taputapu hemokai hinu nui ranei ka meinga pukā. Ko tomuri tawhito te wahi mīhini me haere te whanau te raru rawa, e taea hua hoki i roto i te pukā. rere tōnā ki tere iti ranei tere tiketike, e taea meinga hoki pukā. A, no te te waitohu o te hinu tōnā taputapu rawa he he te tau pokey, he uaua ki te whakahinuhinu me ka te pukā te tōnā. Ko te ventilator rangi o tōnā taea meinga pukā a hoki e taea te hanga tōnā tino turuturu hinu i runga i te mutunga kōkuhu me te whakaputa. He kati rawa ki tōnā pūnaha Engine whakapau. Rere tere he iti iho i te 32Km / tikanga h. Mahi koki o tōnā ka neke atu i te 12 °.
